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AWS & OpenSSL : Creating / Installing a Server SSL Certificate
Nginx is installed on our aws instance. Here is our default page:
The first picture below is a simple page for an http request, but the 2nd one is for a https request:
To make https to work, we’ll install OpenSSL and get certificate.
In this section, we’ll learn how to manually create a X.509 public key certificate for use with AWS, which we refer to as a server certificates.
In cryptography, X.509 is an ITU-T standard for a public key infrastructure (PKI) and Privilege Management Infrastructure (PMI). X.509 specifies, amongst other things, standard formats for public key certificates, certificate revocation lists, attribute certificates, and a certification path validation algorithm. – wiki
We downloaded our certificate from Godaddy, and instruction for the installation can be found here:
Actually, rather than installing the certs, we want to copy our key and certificate files from one of our Apache2 ssl configuration directory. Now we just need to copy them over to our Nginx configuration to take advantage of these by adjusting our server block files. Nginx versions 0.7.14 and above (Ubuntu 14.04 ships with version 1.4.6) can enable SSL within the same server block as regular HTTP traffic.
For our Nginx (1.1.19), here is the INSTALLING AN SSL CERTIFICATE – NGINX.
server {
listen 443 ;
ssl on;
server_name subdomain.mysite.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/mysite.chained.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/mysite.key;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_ciphers AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH:!aNULL;
}
To configure an HTTPS server, we enabled the ssl parameter on listening sockets in the server block, and we specified the locations of the server certificate and private key files.
The server certificate is a public entity. It is sent to every client that connects to the server. The private key is a secure entity and should be stored in a file with restricted access, however, it must be readable by nginx’s master process. The private key may alternately be stored in the same file as the certificate in which case the file access rights should also be restricted. Although the certificate and the key are stored in one file, only the certificate is sent to a client. (Configuring HTTPS servers)
$ pwd /etc/nginx/ssl $ ls -la -rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 3197 Aug 9 23:51 godaddy_bundle.crt -rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 5084 Aug 10 18:53 mysite.chained.crt -rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1887 Aug 9 23:51 mysite.crt -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Aug 10 17:22 mysite.key
Note that we created the mysite.chained.crt by concatenating the crt and key:
$ cat mysite.crt godaddy_bundle.crt > mysite.chained.crt
Browsers usually store intermediate certificates which they receive and which are signed by trusted authorities, so actively used browsers may already have the required intermediate certificates and may not complain about a certificate sent without a chained bundle. To ensure the server sends the complete certificate chain, the openssl command-line utility may be used (Configuring HTTPS servers), for example:
$ openssl s_client -connect www.godaddy.com:443 CONNECTED(00000003) depth=3 C = US, O = "The Go Daddy Group, Inc.", OU = Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority verify error:num=19:self signed certificate in certificate chain verify return:0 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3=US/1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.2=Delaware/businessCategory=Private Organization/serialNumber=5510922/C=US/ST=Arizona/L=Scottsdale/O=GoDaddy INC./CN=www.godaddy.com i:/C=US/ST=Arizona/L=Scottsdale/O=GoDaddy.com, Inc./OU=http://certs.godaddy.com/repository//CN=Go Daddy Secure Certificate Authority - G2 1 s:/C=US/ST=Arizona/L=Scottsdale/O=GoDaddy.com, Inc./OU=http://certs.godaddy.com/repository//CN=Go Daddy Secure Certificate Authority - G2 i:/C=US/ST=Arizona/L=Scottsdale/O=GoDaddy.com, Inc./CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2 2 s:/C=US/ST=Arizona/L=Scottsdale/O=GoDaddy.com, Inc./CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2 i:/C=US/O=The Go Daddy Group, Inc./OU=Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority 3 s:/C=US/O=The Go Daddy Group, Inc./OU=Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority i:/C=US/O=The Go Daddy Group, Inc./OU=Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- KGIIHLzCCB ... TRHZ+VMdie -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3=US/1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.2=Delaware/businessCategory=Private Organization/serialNumber=5510922/C=US/ST=Arizona/L=Scottsdale/O=GoDaddy INC./CN=www.godaddy.com issuer=/C=US/ST=Arizona/L=Scottsdale/O=GoDaddy.com, Inc./OU=http://certs.godaddy.com/repository//CN=Go Daddy Secure Certificate Authority - G2 --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 5947 bytes and written 447 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1.2 Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: 989140829681B4E5C5D761CFB6FEC907547022D2EE84DC4AB46D6DD38D028765 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 9AB51A37DF52F04C8C214CA8570714BD3663F8AD6060555ABF007443B7306CEB48F4AB00DE77782D2D593816D9583E2A Key-Arg : None PSK identity: None PSK identity hint: None SRP username: None TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 7200 (seconds) TLS session ticket: 0000 - d3 4f a1 2e ac c5 7a 86-03 9e 74 3c 8e 31 66 fe .O....z...t<.1f. ... 0090 - e5 cb 56 3a 23 2f 56 26-a0 f3 e7 eb f0 84 61 4d ..V:#/V&......aM Start Time: 1439306681 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 19 (self signed certificate in certificate chain) --- closed
If a certificate bundle has not been added, only the server certificate #0 will be shown.
For more detail, check Understanding the output of openssl s_client.
$ curl -v https://subdomain.mysite.com * Adding handle: conn: 0x7f844a803a00 * Adding handle: send: 0 * Adding handle: recv: 0 * Curl_addHandleToPipeline: length: 1 * - Conn 0 (0x7f844a803a00) send_pipe: 1, recv_pipe: 0 * About to connect() to subdomain.mysite.com port 443 (#0) * Trying 54.193.31.139... * Connected to subdomain.mysite.com (54.193.31.139) port 443 (#0) * TLS 1.2 connection using TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 * Server certificate: *.mysite.com * Server certificate: Go Daddy Secure Certification Authority * Server certificate: Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority > GET / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.30.0 > Host: subdomain.mysite.com > Accept: */*